A WAY TO RAISE RANCHU ● FORESEEING RANCHU CHANGES IN TIME

Choosing and grooming ranchu with balance between head, body and tail is very important and will produce a great fish. Please refer to diagrams in the right column on this page for ranchu body parts explanation.

The Head

Ranchu body has a tendency to develop in width with age. If the head is short it will become disproportionate to the body in tosai age. It is necessary to select the fish with longer head to achieve better balance in the future.

Head-Growth

It is good if tosai ranchu has only Dragon Head and not too much growth on gill plates. By the time they become nisai age (two-year-old) they develop more growth on gill plates, forming a Lion Head and creating a more balance wen. However, if the Dragon Head remains with no growth on gill plates by nisai age, it will not balance well with the rest of the body.

If strong head-growth develops at an early stage, it will become overdeveloped by oya age (two years) and the fish will loose its balance. Generally, the ranchu with modestly developed head-growth will have more balanced look by the second year.

Back Line Profile

Choose ranchu with flatter, longer back similar to Japanese long boxwood comb (pic on the left), instead of rounder, like in Japanese short boxwood comb (pic on the right). The back has a tendency to grow muscles and becomes smooth and more round. It is not a problem if the back is dented but long, it will get fuller with time.

 

The fish with the round back like in short Japanese comb will become even rounder with age.

Tail Peduncle

If the tail peduncle is too thick in tosai age, it may not balance well with the tail shoulders (ogata). In the future this fish may not swim well and may lose its overall balance. On the other hand, if the tail peduncle is thinner in tosai age, it has a chance to becoming thicker and more balanced with the tail in the future.

Stomach

Again, it is important to keep the overall balance between the head, body and the tail. Belly is supported by the ribs that develop earlier. As belly fat accumulates it may throw the balance off. Overfeeding may cause to unbalanced ranchu.

If there is no round belly during the first year, expect it to appear on the second year.

Tail Plate - Osara

Osara that is surrounded by the outer circle of scales is ideal. If the tail plate didn't developed enough, the tail tension will eventually be loosen up. There is an observation that the white ranchu often doesn’t develop good osara.

In young fish osara is not very noticeable yet, but the preference should be given as much as possible to the fish with most scales on the tail plate. The tail plate should have right and left shoulders, and if developed well is an indication of a strong back.

Tail Core - Ogata (okata)

It is better to have tail core or midrib stiffer during tosai age, as it has a tendency to soften with age. It is also impossible to achieve strong and supportive midrib if the tail core was originally soft.

Even with the perfect tail core by nisai age, you will have to keep the right grooming technique to maintain it that way.

Anal Fins

Defected anal fins will affect swimming and overall development of the tail peduncle. However, even if defected, they will cause less problem if they are symmetrical.

In case that only one anal fin has developed either on the left or right, it will cause the tail peduncle to twist and will cause poor swimming in the future.

In either case of two anal fins or one, it has to be positioned symmetrically and along the center body line for a good swimming performance.

Scales

In the first year, it is possible to see several scales on the back shimmer as the fish swims. It will gradually disappear as the back becomes thicker and the scales get repositioned.

Scale color change from white to red or orange is irreversible. White fish has potential of changing color.

Swimming

With a lot of swimming the fish will develop in width and will have a tendency to swim heavy and wag its head left and right as it swims. If concerned about swimming, pay attention to the fish growing too wide. It is possible to bring it back and achieve lighter swimming pattern with the right grooming and fish density in the pond.

_________________________________________________________________________________

Links to published chapters:

● INTRODUCTION
● WATER
● NOTES ON GREEN WATER & WATER CHANGE
● WATER TEMPERATURE
● AERATION
● SUNLIGHT AND SHADE
● CONTAINERS FOR RAISING RANCHU
● FOOD
● FEEDING REGIMENT
● BREEDING & SPAWNING
● RAISING & GROOMING FRY
● GROOMING KUROKO AND TOSAI
● CULLING
● SELECTION METHODS
● CULLING ROUND - I
● CULLING ROUND - II
● CULLING ROUND - III
● CULLING ROUND - IV
● CULLING ROUND - V
● FORSEEING RANCHU CHANGES IN THE FUTURE

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A WAY TO RAISE RANCHU ● CULLING ROUND - V

Fifth Culling Round - Past Four Month After Hatching

The ranchu size should be reaching 3 3/8 in (85 mm). During this final round the attention is focused on the future purpose of the fish, whether it will be a breeder, competing fish or purely for esthetic pleasure. This selection is also influenced by the owner's individual preferences. Anything that was overlooked previously will have to be considered now.

You will notice that each fish has its own personality even though all fish has properly developed in shape and health. Usually, during this round the fish is selected to someone’s personal taste.

Fish that is going to be selected for breeding must be healthy and strong. Fish for competition must have some outstanding qualities and balance between width, length, shape of its head, back and tail and the way it swims. Selecting a competition fish requires most experience and knowledge.

_________________________________________________________________________________

Links to published chapters:

● INTRODUCTION
● WATER
● NOTES ON GREEN WATER & WATER CHANGE
● WATER TEMPERATURE
● AERATION
● SUNLIGHT AND SHADE
● CONTAINERS FOR RAISING RANCHU
● FOOD
● FEEDING REGIMENT
● BREEDING & SPAWNING
● RAISING & GROOMING FRY
● GROOMING KUROKO AND TOSAI
● CULLING
● SELECTION METHODS
● CULLING ROUND - I
● CULLING ROUND - II
● CULLING ROUND - III
● CULLING ROUND - IV
● CULLING ROUND - V
● FORSEEING RANCHU CHANGES IN THE FUTURE

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A WAY TO RAISE RANCHU ● CULLING ROUND - IV

Fourth Culling Round - Three And A Half Month After Hatching

The ranchu size should be reaching 2 6/8 in (70 mm). During this round look for overall quality of the ranchu. All faults previously not noticed will be obvious now. Tail tension that looked good before could have weakened. Tail peduncle plate (osara) must be strong and fully developed at this time to support the tail tension.

Physical strength in some fish might have faded and will be recognized during this round.

Previous selections where made to recognize faults and deformities that could be harmful or fatal to the fish in one way or the other. This round is to recognize fish potentials for the future. Big attention is given to the tail tension, right and left symmetry of the body, swimming ability and overall development. Preparing the fish for its 5th last and most demanding round. The number is reduced from 2/3 to up to a half.

_________________________________________________________________________________

Links to published chapters:

● INTRODUCTION
● WATER
● NOTES ON GREEN WATER & WATER CHANGE
● WATER TEMPERATURE
● AERATION
● SUNLIGHT AND SHADE
● CONTAINERS FOR RAISING RANCHU
● FOOD
● FEEDING REGIMENT
● BREEDING & SPAWNING
● RAISING & GROOMING FRY
● GROOMING KUROKO AND TOSAI
● CULLING
● SELECTION METHODS
● CULLING ROUND - I
● CULLING ROUND - II
● CULLING ROUND - III
● CULLING ROUND - IV
● CULLING ROUND - V
● FORSEEING RANCHU CHANGES IN THE FUTURE

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A WAY TO RAISE RANCHU ● CULLING ROUND - III

Third Culling Round - Thee Month After Hatching

The ranchu size should be at around 2 1/8 in (55 mm). This culling is done by looking at the side of the fish. On the third month the back and the tail peduncle has taken a shape and can be clearly evaluated.

The focus of this round of culling is on the position of the tail towards the tail peduncle, and the shape of the back. This will influence the way the ranchu swims.

The fish should be selected for their smooth curved backs similar to a long Japanese boxwood comb. 

The tail core (midrib) should stand up and form an angle of 90° to 120° in relation to the tail peduncle. While looking for a smooth curved back, do not overlook the fish charm. If the center of the back is raised, it will flatten with time, as the back thickens in older ranchu.

Standard to follow:

Negative Points To Look For From the Side:

1. tail core is dropped below 120°
2. tail core is less than 90°
3. pinched tail core or has a bump (a), tail side lobes are positioned too forward (b)
4. Tail peduncle is too flat (a) and has a bump (b)
5. tail peduncle is crunched, no smooth curve

 

During the Their Round 

This time attention is on the side view of the tail core (midrib) and the back profile. The number is reduced to about half or 2/3rds. Again, while looking for a smooth back, do not overlook the fish charm. Flatter or rounder backs can be overlooked if a tail core looks right and the fish looks and swims good from above.

_________________________________________________________________________________

Links to published chapters:

● INTRODUCTION
● WATER
● NOTES ON GREEN WATER & WATER CHANGE
● WATER TEMPERATURE
● AERATION
● SUNLIGHT AND SHADE
● CONTAINERS FOR RAISING RANCHU
● FOOD
● FEEDING REGIMENT
● BREEDING & SPAWNING
● RAISING & GROOMING FRY
● GROOMING KUROKO AND TOSAI
● CULLING
● SELECTION METHODS
● CULLING ROUND - I
● CULLING ROUND - II
● CULLING ROUND - III
● CULLING ROUND - IV
● CULLING ROUND - V
● FORSEEING RANCHU CHANGES IN THE FUTURE

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A WAY TO RAISE RANCHU ● CULLING ROUND - II

Second Culling Round - One Month After Hatching

The fry size should be around 6/8 in (20 mm). The selection is performed by looking from above. Tail is opened very clearly and tail core can be easily determined.

Main objective during the second round of culling is still the tail shape and the tail core. Tail core effects future development of the tail and must be payed special attention. During this round the fish number can be reduced from one third to one half.

Basic tail standard to follow:

Negative Points To Look For From Above:

1. tail bracelet comes to a point
2. tail core is rigid and thick (a), no tail shoulders (b) 
3. peduncle is not curved (a), tail tip is deformed (b) 
4. tail core is not in the middle
5. tail core overlaps (a), tail shoulders are not symmetrical (b)
6. tail shoulders indented, not open (a), tail core is pinched (b), bump on peduncle (c)

 

During the Second Round

The focus must be on the tail core. It requires a 100% screening. Usually the number is reduced from one third to a half.

_________________________________________________________________________________

Links to published chapters:

● INTRODUCTION
● WATER
● NOTES ON GREEN WATER & WATER CHANGE
● WATER TEMPERATURE
● AERATION
● SUNLIGHT AND SHADE
● CONTAINERS FOR RAISING RANCHU
● FOOD
● FEEDING REGIMENT
● BREEDING & SPAWNING
● RAISING & GROOMING FRY
● GROOMING KUROKO AND TOSAI
● CULLING
● SELECTION METHODS
● CULLING ROUND - I
● CULLING ROUND - II
● CULLING ROUND - III
● CULLING ROUND - IV
● CULLING ROUND - V
● FORSEEING RANCHU CHANGES IN THE FUTURE

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A WAY TO RAISE RANCHU ● CULLING ROUND - I

First Culling Round - Two Weeks After Hatching

The fry size should be around 1/2 in (13 mm). The tail by now is clearly open and it is time to make first culling round. The selection is performed looking from above.

Main concern during this time is to look for the straight body line and open degree of tail shoulders, as well as open tail shape, as indicated in the picture below. Every other concern must be left for the next round.

The number of fish during the first round will be greatly reduces. First remove fish with obvious defects, then do more precise selection until the appropriate stocking density is reached. Once the needed stocking density reached you can only take out fish with obvious defects. Usually, the overall fry number should be reduced down to 10-15% after the first culling round is complete.


Negative Points To Look For (blue line shows defect):

1. Wild carp tail regression, very easy to recognize
2. The tail is not fully open; red line indicates desired angle of 160°-170° (ideally 180°), sometimes difficult to recognize, questionable cases can be left for round two 
3. The tail in not open, left and right sides irregular 
4. Twisted body or tail peduncle line (often happens when hatched in low water temperature) 
5. Tail core forms a dark line continuing into the tail peduncle, if clearly visible 
6. Tail split more then 1/2 of the center line length 
7. No tail split. Although, not a fault 
8. Asymmetrical tail shoulders 

Also look for:

• fish that can’t swim straight
• fish with poor growth rate
• fish with any other obvious defects

During the First Round

Leave the fish with symmetrical tail, that is open no less then 160°-170° (ideally 180°, as in picture #2). Examine the tail tension. Keep in mind that tail tension has tendency to soften with time.


_________________________________________________________________________________

Links to published chapters:

● INTRODUCTION
● WATER
● NOTES ON GREEN WATER & WATER CHANGE
● WATER TEMPERATURE
● AERATION
● SUNLIGHT AND SHADE
● CONTAINERS FOR RAISING RANCHU
● FOOD
● FEEDING REGIMENT
● BREEDING & SPAWNING
● RAISING & GROOMING FRY
● GROOMING KUROKO AND TOSAI
● CULLING
● SELECTION METHODS
● CULLING ROUND - I
● CULLING ROUND - II
● CULLING ROUND - III
● CULLING ROUND - IV
● CULLING ROUND - V
● FORSEEING RANCHU CHANGES IN THE FUTURE

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A WAY TO RAISE RANCHU ● GROOMING KUROKO AND TOSAI

Defining Body Parts

The main body parts are identified as follows: head is from mouth to the edge of the gill cover, body is from gill cover to the vent below tail. The environment and grooming techniques will have a big impact on developing ranchu head, body and tail.

For body part names please refer to this article.

Building Ranchu Foundation

There is an old Japanese saying “Good ranchu head is created before the color change”. For the head-growth to develop properly, it needs a good scull structure, as a foundation. A good foundation must be selected and formed in kuroko before the change of color. During this time it is important to achieve balanced Dragon or Lion Head (more about ranchu standards here). 

If any combination of head-growth below occurs, the head will appear unbalanced:

• growth on the top of the head, no growth on the gill plates 
• growth evenly develops over the entire head  
• growth develops on cheeks and under eyes only 

Delays in water changes help to suppress active fish movement and aids in developing head-growth at an early stage.

To Promote Head-Growth Development

Food is very important in developing head-growth. Feeding protein reach diet is a must. Silkworms, earthworms, bloodworms (can be frozen) are all high in protein and effective. Genetic background is also important.

Suggestions on promoting head-growth development:

• feed plankton, bloodworms, green water 
• reduce water changes to suppress movement 
• make sure the body develops properly 

Pond depth is not known to effect head-growth development. To develop a good ranchu, balancing of the whole body and head must be achieved, and not just the head-growth.

To Promote Funtan (cheeks)

Feeding bloodworm and green algae will help in developing funtan. Suppress movement by extending intervals between the water changes and raising ranchu in green water.

To Promote Body & Head Development

It is important to develop a good skeleton in kuroko before the color change. Good balance between the head and body is very important. Preference should be given to longer bodies with wide back and peduncle, which will balance well with the size of the head.

To make back wider and increase the width between the eyes:

• feed enough 
• use green water 
• slightly increase the stocking density to suppress active movement 

Beware that with increased stocking density vertical body growth will be suppressed.

How to Make Good Back

Water depth is very important in formation of a good back shape in fry. There is an old Japanese saying “Shallow water gives gently curved back, deep water gives round back” makes a good point. 

Water depth at 4 in (10cm) during the fry development produces gently curved back, while water depth around 3.3 ft (1m) gives more rounded shape. Genetics are also important in developing the right back.

Tail Tension

Tail shape is very important and is greatly dependent on grooming technique. However, if you only pursue creating a good tail, you will loose on fish health and overall quality. It is a trade-off to make a good tail and to keep fish health. It is difficult to do and one has to find a balance.

Factors that loosen tail tension:

• weak tail shoulders 
• excessive exercise 
• large pond size
• pond with no shade or over shaded 
• strong aeration 
• often water changes 
• appropriate or slightly lower stocking density 

Factors that improve tail tension:

• strong tail shoulders 
• less exercise 
• small pond size
• pond with sun/shade balance 
• weak aeration 
• use of green water 
• high or low stocking density 

Making a Good Tail Before the Color Change

To create a good tail, you must select kuroko with tail shoulders that are open at 160-180° and have a strong tail core.

                                                          

To make a tail shoulder curve like in a bow (bow and arrow), the fish must swim moderately to finish formation before the color change. If the curve increases it may result in weak tension and possible collapse of the tail shoulders.

Making the Tail Core

Water depth will effect the tail core in fry. The depth at 4 in (10cm) during development is necessary. There is a tendency for the tail core either to fall lower if the water depth is too shallow or rise up if the depth is too deep.

After the tail is formed and the core is established in kuroko stage, it is not effected as much by the water depth. Still, as a general rule, it is a good idea to keep the water depth at 6-8 in (15-20cm) during ranchu development. Also, increased exercise may result in softening of the tail core, as well as loss of the tail tension.

_________________________________________________________________________________

Links to published chapters:

● INTRODUCTION
● WATER
● NOTES ON GREEN WATER & WATER CHANGE
● WATER TEMPERATURE
● AERATION
● SUNLIGHT AND SHADE
● CONTAINERS FOR RAISING RANCHU
● FOOD
● FEEDING REGIMENT
● BREEDING & SPAWNING
● RAISING & GROOMING FRY
● GROOMING KUROKO AND TOSAI
● CULLING
● SELECTION METHODS
● CULLING ROUND - I
● CULLING ROUND - II
● CULLING ROUND - III
● CULLING ROUND - IV
● CULLING ROUND - V
● FORSEEING RANCHU CHANGES IN THE FUTURE

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A WAY TO RAISE RANCHU ● BREEDING AND SPAWNING

Choosing a Breeder Ranchu

There is on old Japanese saying in ranchu circles “Chose male ranchu for its good tale and female ranchu for its thick body and head”. Another old saying is “Choose ranchu with a good tail from the right environment”. 

A good tail of a first-class ranchu doesn’t only come from its genetic heritage. The environment, where the ranchu was raised will effect the tail quality and strength. The key is to combine a good genetic foundation with the right environment.

Grooming ranchu in the right environment will help to develop a great quality fish. It is not necessary to breed a show champion ranchu to get first-class offsprings. Raising fry with a perfect tail in a poor environment will not yield good results either.

A good tail is considered when the line in the center of the tail or tail core, or midrib (o-shin) is straight and extends outward firmly. Also, tail shoulders (o-gata) should be at 160-180° and not too stiff, but also not too soft. Please refer to "Defining What Is What" to identify ranchu body parts.

Mistakes Made In Selecting Seed Ranchu 

Tail shape is often overlooked and the preference is given to the head shape and overall looks while selecting a breeder fish.

The head shape and proportion to the rest of the body is important, but if you really want to breed a first-class ranchu, great attention must be given to choosing a good tail. That is where true art of ranchu breeding is.

_________________________________________________________________________________

Links to published chapters:

● INTRODUCTION
● WATER
● NOTES ON GREEN WATER & WATER CHANGE
● WATER TEMPERATURE
● AERATION
● SUNLIGHT AND SHADE
● CONTAINERS FOR RAISING RANCHU
● FOOD
● FEEDING REGIMENT
● BREEDING & SPAWNING
● RAISING & GROOMING FRY
● GROOMING KUROKO AND TOSAI
● CULLING
● SELECTION METHODS
● CULLING ROUND - I
● CULLING ROUND - II
● CULLING ROUND - III
● CULLING ROUND - IV
● CULLING ROUND - V
● FORSEEING RANCHU CHANGES IN THE FUTURE

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HIGHRANCHU TIMELINE - ONE FISH'S JOURNEY - PART IV

Here is my last ranchu from the same spawn of April 15, 2014. This male OYA is a very nice looking fish with bright red color and neat, well arranged scales. This ranchu is very similar to the ranchu I described in part II, in terms of scaling, coloration, body shape and tail.

Little over 3 months old. Photographed on July 28, 2014

Little over 5 months old. Photographed on September 27, 2014

Little under 10 months old. Photographed on February 6, 2015

Little under 1 years and 7 months old. Photographed on November 2, 2015

Little under 3 years and 3 months old. Photographed on July 5, 2017

COMMENTS

Currently, this male Oya ranchu is close to 6 in (15 cm) long. As you can see, nothing much changed in his body and tail shape, other than him getting bigger. The head has formed into Shishigashira type, which is somewhat vintage for a modern ranchu. His tail, however, ended up with more red markings.

CONCLUSION

As NISAI fish transitions to OYA, it is harder and harder to keep them in shape. While the tail may not have any dramatic changes with age, the body and head do. My goal is to raise "lean" TVR. I prefer the body outline, as viewed from above, to be more elongated, with no protruding belly, so that the sides from head to beginning of O-Tsutsu (tail peduncle) are somewhat parallel. I also like it if the head width stays not much wider than the width of the back, a cigar shape. 

From the side, I like Se-Koshi (back curvature) to be as flat as possible up to the start of O-Tsutsu (tail peduncle). Reminiscent of a long Japanese boxwood comb. For body parts terminology please click here.

Quality of food and its portioning, along with exercise, is crucial to keeping ranchu in good shape. I will write about this subject in a separate article, reflecting on my experience.

HIGHRANCHU TIMELINE - ONE FISH'S JOURNEY - PART III

Presenting my next OYA fish - a female from the same spawn of April 15, 2014. She has always been a strong fish. Body shape is a bit shorter than in previously discussed RANCHU, but still proportionate.

Little over 2 months old. Photographed on June 5, 2014

Little under 3 months old. Photographed on July 8, 2014

Little over 3 months old. Photographed on July 28, 2014

Little over 5 months old. Photographed on September 27, 2014

Little under 1 years and 7 months old. Photographed on November 2, 2015

Little under 3 years and 3 months old. Photographed on July 5, 2017

COMMENTS

Today it is a strong and active female OYA fish of 6.5 in (16.5 cm) long. The body remains a bit short for my liking, but the overall shape is good. O-TSUKE (tail peduncle scale bracelet) and O-ZARA (under-tail plate) were and remain very good. The tail's O-GATA (tail shoulders) used to be quite stiff, but became somewhat more elastic with age - an improvement.

As seen in photos, this fish has started to loose her red markings pretty early, as she was still developing. Now there is only one red eye with no more red left.

For body parts terminology please click here.

VISION OF A PERFECT RANCHU

As I learn about ranchu standards and grooming techniques, I train my eye to recognize qualities of a good ranchu. In Japan, each ranchu master works on its own line (bloodline) that will ultimately reflect the master's vision for a "perfect" ranchu. Through a scrupulous process of selection, the breeder seeks fish that carries one or several desired qualities. By carefully selecting parent fish with such qualities and breeding them, followed by many years of selection, the goal can be reached. It truly is a "living sculpture".

A preference for my own "perfect" ranchu is now more clear. My vision is shaped by studying the many looks of ranchu and recognizing what is most pleasing to my eye. These are as follows (looking at the ranchu from above):

• long rectangular body outline
• rectangular head outline with funtan slightly protruding on the right and left of the head (I call it a hammer shark look)
• not much headgrowth development on top of the head
• thick tail peduncle and bracelet
• triangle shaped tail with supportive shoulders, that are only gently curved, with side lobe tips curved slightly more
• when swimming the tail must take a rounder shape and return to its original shape when fish isn't moving
• small uniform scales
• bright reds

Early bloomers might not look as good at an older age, with their headgrowth overdeveloped, ruining the overall balance. Vise versa, those not fully developed tosai can turn into a beautiful fish when older.

All of the above must be in balance. Proportions between head, body and tail are very important and rely on personal perception. I am very interested in creating a ranchu that blossoms slowly, reaching its desired shape by the end of nisai and maintaining that look through its oya years. This, in my opinion helps to raise a healthier fish, that can live longer. In most cases, ranchu that are judged at the All Japan Ranchu Show, are groomed for a specific age category - tosai, nisai or oya. In all of the competition's history, it is very rare that a single ranchu is able to win the grand prize in all three categories tosai, nisai and oya in three consecutive years.

Ultimately, my "perfect" ranchu must be a great swimmer, projecting calm, power, strength and balance.

Through digital manipulation, I have created an oya ranchu of the shape and proportions I desire. To make this composite, I took various parts from several of my ranchu and exaggerated the parts that I still need to work on. Hope one day, I can match my drawing board fantasy with an actual ranchu in my pond. The vision in the making.

THE RULES OF JUDGING

One of the main successes with ranchu, as a breeder, lies in training yourself to be able to identify and recognize merits of this fine goldfish variety. This very ability of the breeder ensures that ranchu standards will be preserved and further improved. Being under scrutiny for over one hundred years, ranchu were "molded" to fit into strict standards set by high Japanese aesthetics. Therefor, Japan Ranchu Association (JRA) has established a series of rules, by which the ranchu to be judged. These rules are vague and has to be interpreted by a group of most experienced judges on the show.

I found these rules posted by Hugoboss on Arofanatics website in 2008. According to the post these are the rules of Japan Ranchu Association that have been translated to English. With further improvement in translation, I am re-posting these rules here. For identifying ranchu body part click on "Defining What Is What".

One of the quality ranchu in Japan

THE RULES

ARTICLE 1 - Particular Matters of Concern

1. Overall fish shape and balance
Overall shape is defined by the characteristics of the head, torso and tail and their balance with each other and as a whole.

2. Fish to be thick and sturdy
Thicker and sturdier fish in proportion to its size to be graded as superior.

3. Scaling and color
Scales that are neatly lined and small in proportion to the body of the fish to be graded as superior. Fish with deep red or gold colours and high luster to be graded as superior, regardless of being aka (red), sarasa (mottled) or shiro (white).

4. The fish movement must be as graceful as possible

5. Fish maintaining noble grace to be regarded as superior

6. Swimming
Swimming fish must be elegant, with light wagging of tail resulting in fluid movement.

ARTICLE 2 - The way to view fish body parts

1. Head

To have wide mehaba (spacing between the eyes) and wide mesaki (distance between the eyes and the mouth). Part of the head past the mouth, which is adequately wider and longer to be graded as superior (with variety of Tokane, Kamicho, Ryuutou etc.).

2. Back

To have a broad back with a gentle curve and adequate roundness.

3. Stomach

To be well-positioned compared to the back and spaced adequately from the tail.

4. Tail Peduncle 

To chose the fish with more rounded and robust tail peduncle in proportion to the back width. There must be apparent roundness at the point where the tail joints the back.

5. Tail

Tail must be beautiful with bilateral symmetry of its tail lobes and with adequate ozara (under tail plate). This equally applies to yotsuo, sakurao, mitsuo tail types. The tail must neither exceed approximately 90 degrees angle in relation to the tail peduncle, nor rise above the back.

6. Fins

All fins must be uniform in movement and size. Fish to be judged equally regardless whether they have double or a single anal fin.

ARTICLE 3 - Size of fish must not be taken into consideration for judging

ARTICLE 4 - Fish must be judged according to their quality on that particular day

Supplementary provisions. Names of color patterns are designated as follows.

1. Red section - Kiniro, Niiro, Shoujou
2. White section - Shiro, Giniro
3. Sarasa section - Taseki Sarasa, Tashiro Sarasa, Koshijiro, Seaka, Shirohara
4. Head pattern - Omoyaburi, Omoshiro, Omosarasa, Tanchou, Ryoudo, Kuchibeni, Mado, Ougashira

ARTICLE 5 - Fish to be disqualified if the respective defects are excessive

1. No judging of fish with dorsal fin, double tail or other deformities.

2.  Uneven or broken back curve or tail peduncle.

3. Pinched, closed, irregular, curled or stripped tail.

4. Extrusion of anal fin(s); head tilted upwards; head tilted downward; tail with one-sided tilt; covered, protruding or indented eyes.

5. Sick fish

ARTICLE 6
Obese or juvenile fish that lacks of grace and poise shall be disqualified

ARTICLE 7
Prizes will be revoked in case of falsifying the age of exhibited fish


Here are some videos of the champion ranchu in each age group (tosai, nisai and oya) taken by Mr.Boss (Boss Ranchu Nursery, Thailand) during All Japan Ranchu Show, 2013. 

TOSAI

NISAI

OYA